PCSS, V.15, №3, 2014

Abstracts

V.G Lytovchenko

My Scientific Contacts with V.E. Lashkarev Pioneer p-n Transition

V.E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics,Kyiv, Ukraine e-mail: lvg@isp.kiev.ua

V.E. Lashkarev (1903-1973) – famous scientist of Ukraine in semiconductor physics and application of it. The main achievements were obtained on the first researches of the surface by LEED( low-energy electron diffraction ) , the photoelectric properties of the bulk and surface of semiconductors , study of the semiconductor surface thermoelectric effects. Last , in particular,. lead to discovery of the world level result: observation of the p-n junction on base of hetero structure Cu-Cu2O-CuO (published . in Izv.Acad. Sci.USSR ,s.5,#4-5, hh.442-446, 1941). Structure with p-n junction till now is the base for electron device industry.

B.M. Ruvinskii¹, M.A. Ruvinskii²

Thermoelectric Effect in Nanoribbons of Doped Graphene

¹Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, 15, Carpatska Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76000, Ukraine
²Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76000, Ukraine bruvinsky@gmail.com

The theoretical study of the thermoelectric effect in nanoribbons of doped graphene had been fulfilled for the cases of armchair and zigzag with the relevant electronic states (with a gap and no gap in the energy spectrum). The electrical conduction, thermoelectric coefficient and thermopower were defined by the Boltzman kinetic equation. For the case of armchair the elastic scattering of charge carriers on the screened potential of a charged impurity was considered. For the case of zigzag the effect of electron-phonon interaction was determined. It is shown that the existence of a gap in the energy spectrum and the one-dimensional motion in the nanoribbons lead to increasing of the thermoelectric power in comparison with the case of an unlimited graphene.

R.M. Bilanych, A.A. Kohutych, R.M. Yevych, S.I. Perechinskii

Quasielastic Light Scattering and Heat Transfer in Pb₂P₂S₆ Crystals

Uzhgorod National University, Uzhgorod, Ukraine

By analyzing of the central peak on Brillouin light scattering spectra, quasielastic scattering light of Pb2P2S6 crystals was investigated. It was found the differences between empirical and calculated (in terms of thermodynamic theory) data for the half-width of the spectral lines at low temperatures, which is associated with a crossover from the hydrodynamic regime to the regime without collisions. For objects under consideration, the temperature dependence of the relaxation time, the average group velocity and the mean free path of short-phonons that carry heat were experimentally obtained.
Keywords: quasielastic scattering, Grüneisen parameter, relaxation time, mean free path.

O.M. Matkivsky, I.V. Gorichok, D.M. Freik, G.Ya. Gurgula

Physical-Chemical Properties and Mechanisms of Tin Telluride Doped by Bismuth

Vasyl Stefanyk PreCarpathian National University 57, Shevchenko Str., 76018, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, E-mail:freik@pu.if.ua

The analysis of features of equilibrium diagrams and homogeneity range of the compound SnTe, character defective subsystem of crystal structure, physical and chemical properties of SnTe and SnTe:Bi are shown. On the basis of experimental studies of the concentration dependence of the lattice constant and thermoelectric parameters of SnTe: Bi and defined possible mechanisms of the interaction between dopant and main matrix: metal chalcogen substitution and increasing of the homogeneity range with formation of vacancies in cationic sublattice.
Keywords: thermoelectricity, Tin Telluride, doping.

D.M. Zayachuk¹, O.S. Ilyina¹, V.I. Mikityuk², V.V. Shlemkevych², D. Kaczorowski³

Concentration of Europium Impurity and Magnetic Properties of PbTe:Eu Doped Crystals

¹Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12 Bandera St, Lviv, Ukraine
²Yuri Fedkovich Chernivtsy National University, 2 Kotsyubynsky St, Chernivtsy, Ukraine
³Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 50-950 Wroclaw 2, P. O. Box 1410, Poland

Both magnetic field dependences of magnetization M and temperature dependences of magnetic susceptibility χ of the PbTe:Eu doped crystals are detail investigated at the wide range of Eu impurity concentration 10¹⁸–10²⁰ cm^-3 under low temperatures 1.7÷10 К in magnetic field range Н = 0÷5•10⁴ Oe. Based on the combined analysis of the M(H) and χ(T) dependences it is suggested the existence in the studied crystals of paramagnetic centers with unusual combination of temperature and field behavior of the magnetization when paramagnetic centers susceptibility is independent of temperature but decreases with increasing of magnetic field. The contribution of the identified centers in the magnetization of doped PbTe:Eu is essential in the case of low concentration of Eu impurity. If the concentration of Eu in PbTe:Eu crystals dominates the order of 10¹⁹ cm^-3, the impact of the centers on the magnetic properties of the crystals is masked by high magnetization induced by Eu²⁺ ions. It is suggested that the native defects of crystal lattice can be the observed paramagnetic centers in PbTe:Eu crystals.

O.S Krunutcky

Thermoelectric Properties of Solid Solutions PbTe-Bi₂Te₃ (Sb₂Te₃) on the Basis of Lead Telluride with Low-Dopant

Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, 15, Carpathian Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76001, Ukraine e-mail:oleksandr.krynytsky@gmail.com

The results of a comprehensive study of phase structure and thermoelectric properties of solid solutions PbTe-Bi2Te3, PbTe-Sb2Te3 based Lead Telluride with (0,1-0,5) ml.% Bi2Te3 (Sb2Te3). Established their dependence on the chemical composition and temperature for a given synthesis conditions and their alloys following annealing and preparing models and size fractions of components..
Keywords: lead telluride, thermoelectricity, solid solutions, technology.

V.I. Mandzyuk, I.P. Yaremiy

The Electrochemical Insertion of Lithium Ions into Porous Carbon Material

Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine, mandzyuk_vova@rambler.ru

The features of electrochemical insertion of lithium ions into porous carbon material (PCM) are explored by galvanostatic discharge and cyclic voltamperometry methods. PCM was obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of plant raw material in temperature interval of 873 ( 1373 К. It is found out, that the given process carries a stage character which is accompanied a forming of solid state layer on the PCM particles surface and continuous row of non-stoichiometric insertion compounds LixC.
Keywords: porous carbon material, galvanostatic discharge, cyclic voltamperometry, specific capacity, specific energy.

М.М. Kuzyshyn, B.K. Ostafiychuk, I.M. Budzulyak, B.I. Rachiy, R.V. Ilnytskyy, L.O. Moroz

Electrical Conductivity of Nitrogen-Containing Nanoporous Carbon Materials

Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University,57 Shevchenko Street, Ivano-Frankivsk, 76025, Ukraine, myroslav.kuzyshyn@gmail.com

Dependence of electro-physical characteristics of nanoporous carbon material on the degree of compaction its elements have been investigated. It is ascertained that maximum electrical conductivity occurs with the pressure of 5 MPa. It is also detected, that forming of N- and O- compounds on the surface of materials, we have examined, causes according rise or reduction of conductivity. There well seen, that the Drude-Smith model satisfactorily describes dependence of the electrical conductivity on frequency, thus it caused by porous structure of the material and by functional groups on the surface of closely packed particles. It brings to distribution of step block levels for transportation of charges. So, the time of their acceleration and length of their free path reduced; surface functional groups create dielectric layers; conductive channels become broken, and form irredundant ones.
Keywords: nanoporous carbon material, degree of compaction, specific electrical conductivity, surface functional groups

I.P. Studenyak^l, Yu.Yu. Neimet¹, Y.Y. Rati¹, O.Ye. Petrachenkov¹, A.M. Solomon², S. Kökényesi³, L. Daróci³, R. Bogdán³

Deposition and Structure (Ag₃AsS₃)_0.6(As₂S₃)_0.4 Thin Films

¹Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Physics, Uzhhorod National University, 3 Narodna Sq., 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine, tel. +380(3122)32012, e-mail:studenyak@dr.com
²Institute of Electron Physics, 21 Universitetska St., 88017 Uzhhorod, Ukraine, tel. +380(312)643524, fax +380(312)643650, e-mail:iep@iep.org.ua
³Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, 18/a Bem Sq., 4026 Debrecen, Hungary, tel. +36(52)316012, e-mail: kiki@science.unideb.hu

Thin (Ag3AsS3)0.6(As2S3)0.4 chalcogenide films were deposited upon a quartz substrate by rapid thermal evaporation. Structural studies of the as-deposited and annealed films were performed using scanning electron and atomic force microscopies. Surfaces of all the films were found to be covered with Ag-rich crystalline cone-shaped micrometer sized whiskers. Thermal annealing of the films at 50°C and 100°C for 1 h in vacuum is shown to cause a mechanical deformation of part of the whiskers and their detachment from the base film surface. Pronounced crystalline silver and α-Ag2S peaks were observed in the XRD patterns of the as-deposited and annealed thin films, respectively. Optical transmission spectra of the fresh and annealed films investigated at room temperature show a considerable increase of transmittance for the last ones.
Keywords: thin film, SEM, AFM, whiskers.

D.M. Freik¹, B.S. Dzundza¹, V.I. Makovyshyn¹, I.A. Arsenyuk², O.Yu. Kal’ka¹

Structure and Transport Phenomena in Condensed Structures SnTe:Bi on Sital

¹Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 57, Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine, E-mail:fcss@pu.if.ua
²Ivan Ogienko Kam'yanets Podolsky National University 61, Ogienko St., Kam'yanets Podolsky, 32300, Ukraine

The influence of the thickness pure and bismuth doped tin telluride films deposited on sital substrates for their nanostructure and scattering mechanisms of charge carrier are researched. Established that the dominant scattering mechanism is surface scattering and scattering on the intergrain boundaries which determined by the dopant content. Crystal chemistry doping mechanisms which associated with placement of Bi atoms in cationic structures are proposed.
Keywords: Tin telluride, scattering mechanisms, mobility, surface.

Yu.V. Naidich, І.І. Gab, Т.V. Stetsyuk, B.D. Коstyuk

Dispergation Kinetics under Annealing in Vacuum Chromium and Nickel Nanofilms which Were Deposited Onto Oxide Materials

Frantsevich Institute for Materials Science Problems of NAS of Ukraine, Krzhyzhanovskogo st., 3, Kyiv, 03142, e-mail:gab@ipms.kiev.ua

Results of research of dispergation kinetics chromium and nickel nanofilms by thickness of 100 nm which were deposited onto surfaces of samples which have been made from alumina ceramics, quartz glass and sapphire, and have been annealed in vacuum at temperatures 1000 ( 1200 оС during different time of endurance at each temperature inside interval 2 ( 20 min.
Keywords: kinetics, dispergation, chromium, nickel, nanofilms, oxide materials.

Y.P. Saliy, І.S. Bylina, L.Yo. Mezhylovska, V.V. Bachuk, V.V. Myhailyuk

Kinetics and Mechanisms of Growth of Nanostructures in Vapor-Phase Condensates PbTe:Sb on Ceramics

Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57, Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine, Е-mail: freik@pu.if.ua

Presented by the results of AFM analysis of the formation of nanostructures in condensates PbTe:Sb substrates of glass ceramics obtained by open evaporation under vacuum at deposition temperature TS = (420-520) K and deposition times τ = (15-240) s. Temperature evaporation amounted TV = 970 K. Installing increase of both lateral and normal size of nanostructures on the surface of the condensate vapor deposition time τ. The features of kinetics of formation of nanocrystall surface objects and characteristic times of wagner and diffusion mechanisms of growth.
Keywords: Lead telluride, vapor-phase condensates, nanostructures, growth mechanisms.

V.M. Pylypiv, A.M. Boychuk, P.O. Sulym, S.V. Voytkiv, T.Ya. Boychuk, M.I. Gasyuk

Electrically Stimulated Diffusion of Lithium Ions in Nanoscale Fraction of Modified Lithium Manganese Spinel

SHEE «Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University», 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76000, Ukraine email: bojchukam@rambler.ru

The kinetics of the electrically stimulated diffusion of lithium ions in iron modified lithium manganese spinel nanoscale particles have been investigated. It is shown, that the electrochemical reaction during discharge of lithium batteries with synthesized materials cathodes based has several steps. The influence of surface area on the ratio of lithium ions adsorption on the spinel surface and actual intercalation of "guest" ions in the structure of the cathode active material during discharge of lithium power sources based on impedance investigations has been studied.
Keywords: nanosized spinel, the specific surface, impedance, electrically stimulated diffusion.

N.D. Freik

Thermodynamics and Crystal Defect Subsystem Zinc Telluride Crystals ZnTe (Review)

Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 57, Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine, E-mail:fcss@pu.if.ua  

On the basis of quantum-chemical methods defined characteristic features zinc telluride crystals: formation energies ΔE, enthalpy of formation ΔH, entropy ΔS, and Gibbs energy ΔG heat capacity at constant pressure Cp and constant volume Cv. The analytical expressions for their temperature dependences. The method of thermodynamic potentials and Quasi-Chemical Reactions of point defects studied ZnTe crystal defect subsystem in terms dvotemperaturnoho annealing in a couple of components. Calculated concentration of point defects and free carriers depending on the annealing temperature T and the partial vapor pressure components PZn, .Znaydeno the constants quasichemistry reactions of defects in zinc telluride. Using Crystal formula shows that the dominant material defects for p-type (p-ZnTe) are zinc vacancies and interstitial tellurium.
Keywords: zinc telluride, point defects, thermodynamics, crystal.

V.P. Makhniy¹, I.V. Tkachenko², A.I. Chernyh¹, M.F. Pavlyuk³

The Defects Modeling in ZnSe Crystals with Isovalent Mg Impurity

¹Yu.Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University of handicrafts, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
²Chernivtsi Trade and Economics Institute, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
³Vasyl Stefanyk Preсarpathian University, Shevchenko Str., 57, Ivano-Frankivsk, 76025, Ukraine, e-mail:pavlyuk@pu.if.ua

The calculation of equilibrium defects concentration in ZnSe crystals, doped with Mg isovalent impurity, is performed by quasichemistry reaction method. It is shown, that single charged vacancies of zinc, selenium and interstitial selenium dominate. The holes condyctivity remains at doping temperature chandes for 373-1273 K ranges and holes concentration increases at decreasing and inputted Mg concentration increasing.
Keywords: quasi-chemical reaction, equilibrium defects, isovalent impurities, point defects, Schottky scheme.

I.V. Gorichok, T.O. Parashchuk, L.I. Nykyruy, D.M. Freik

Thermodynamics of Defects Subsystem of II-VI Crystalsin Gibbs Potential Aproximation: Modeling, Calculation

Vasyl Stefanyk Prekarpathian University, Shevchenko Str., 57, Ivano-Frankivsk, 76025, Ukraine, e-mail: goritchok@rambler.ru

In example of II-VI ZnTe, CdTe crystals, using method which based on minimizing the thermodynamic potential of the "crystal-pair" as a function of defect concentration, have been calculated equilibrium concentration of point defects and free carriers in zinc telluride crystals ZnTe and CdTe depending on technological factors of two-temperature annealing (annealing temperature T and vapor pressure of zinc PMe or tellurium PTe).

P.М. Мilyan, G.V. Кun, Zh.І. Мilyan, L.V. Bilanchuk, V.O. Tovt

Physico-Chemical Investigation of the Pb-Te-O System

Uzhhorod National University, 46, Pidgirna Str, Uzhhorod, 88000, Ukraine  

In present work, the physico-chemical analysis of the interaction process for PbO and TeO2 has been carried out. The ternary compound PbTeO3 was obtained by solid-phase reaction; this compound was identified by X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis. Some properties of the PbTeO3 compound (crystal structure, picnometric density, electrophysical parameters) were studied.
Keywords: oxides, ternary compound, structure.

V.V. Romaka¹, P. Rogl², L.P. Romaka³, R.O. Korzh¹, Yu.V. Stadnyk³, V.Ya. Krayovskyy¹, A.M. Goryn³, O.I. Lakh⁴

Structure, Energy State and Electrokinetic  Characteristics of Zr_1+xCo_1-xSb Solid Solution

¹National University “Lvivska Politechnika”, Bandera str., 12, Lviv, 79013, Ukraine;
²Institut fur Physikalische Chemie, Universitet Wien, Wahringerstrasse, 42, Wien, A-1090, Austria;
³Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Kyryla and Mefodiya Str., 6, Lviv, 79005, Ukraine;
⁴V.I. Lakh NVO “Termoprylad”, Naukova Str., 3, Lviv, 79060, Ukraine 

The features of the crystal and electronic structures, electrokinetic and energy state characteristics of Zr1+xCo1-xSb semiconductor solid solution in the temperature range T = 80 ÷ 400 K were investigated. The mechanism of simultaneous generation of structural defects with the donor and acceptor nature was established. This process leads to a change in the band gap and the compensation degree of the semiconductor and influences its properties.
Keywords: semiconductor, conduction, electronic structures.

U.M. Pysklynets¹, P.M. Fochuk², I.V. Gorichok³, V.V. Prokopiv³, O.L. Sokolov³

Influence of Doping and Two-temperature Annealing on CdTe:Br Defective Subsystem

¹Ivano-Frankivsk national medical university, Halytska str., 2, Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine, E-mail:pysklynets@pu.if.ua1
²Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsy National University, Kotsubynskyi str. 2, Chernivtsy, 58012 Ukraine
³Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University? Shevchenko Str., 57, Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine  

The influence of impurities and annealing conditions on the electrical properties of single cadmium telluride crystals with bromine doping grown by Bridgman method and annealed in cadmium atmosphere at temperatures T = 800-1100 K and pressures of metal vapor PCd = 10³-10⁵ Pa have been investigated and analyzed. Quasi-chemical reactions of point defects in doped material have been proposed and concentration of free charge carriers and the prevailing point defects on the technological parameters of two-temperature annealing have been calculated. It was established the dominant type of point defects, which determined the electrical properties of the material. The equilibrium constant of complex formation of impurity defects substitution of intrinsic point defects have been determined.
Keywords: cadmium telluride, alloying, point defects, quasichemical defect formation reactions.

P.M. Prysyazhnyuk

Calculation of Phase Equilibrium in NbC-Manganese Steel System for Carbide Steels Development

Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, 15, Carpathian Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76001, Ukraine

Niobium carbide due to its high microhardness is an perspective refractory compound for using as ceramic phase in tungsten free cermets – carbide steels. In this study phase equilibrium in NbC (60 % vol.) – manganese steel system was carried out by computational thermodynamics with the use of sublattice model. The results of calculations of system equilibrium are represented as polythermal section and solubility isotherms. It is shown that increasing of manganese content in system (steel) promotes solubility of niobium in austenite and iron and manganese in carbide phase. Calculated critical points of polythermal section can be used for choosing heat treatment conditions of carbide steels with manganese steel binder.
 Keywords: computational thermodynamics, manganese steel, niobium carbide, carbide-steels, equilibrium solubility.

 
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V.F. Zinchenko¹, V.E. Chygrynov¹, O.V. Mozkova², I.R. Magunov¹, I.P. Kovalevska¹

Effect of Interaction in System ZnS(ZnO)-Sb₂S₃-Ge on Parameters of the Produced thin Films

¹A.V. Bogatsky Physico&Chemical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 86 Lustdorfska doroga str., Odessa, 65080, Ukraine, tel. (048) 7662398, e-mail:vfzinchenko@ukr.net
²State Enterprise for special instrument making "Arsenal", 8 Moscovska Str., Kyiv, 02010, Ukraine, tel. / fax. (044) 2545908, e-mail:borisgor@ukr.net

Exchange reactions of ZnO impurity in zinc sulfide with Sb2S3 and Ge additives are investigated by XRDA, IR spectroscopy and electronic spectroscopy of diffuse reflectance. Possibility of entire sulfidizing of ZnO with antimony sulfide and production of a single-phase product – ZnS sfalerite is established. Interaction in subsystem Sb2S3–Ge results in formation of a glass-crystalline composite. Test of ZnS cleaned from oxide impurity, and also composites ZnS–Ge and Sb2S3–Ge by thermal evaporation in vacuum has made possible receiving thin-film coatings with high optical and operational parameters.
Keywords: zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, admixture, alloying additive, antimony sulfide, Germanium, structure, optical properties, thin-film coating.

T.R. Tatarchuk, N.D. Paliychuk

Adsorption Properties of Spinel Nanosorbents

Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57, Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine, e-mail:tatar_ch@inbox.ru

This review analyzes the current state of research in the field of spinel nanosorbent. The influence of the synthesis method (chemical co-precipitation, sol-gel method, hydrothermal method) on the structure and morphology of the nanoparticles (based on scanning and transmission electron microscopy) was considered. The adsorption properties of spinel aluminates and ferrites in relation to common synthetic organic dyes: methylene blue, reactive blue 5, Congo red, acid red 88, acid blue cyanine was described. The influence of initial dye concentration, amount of adsorbent, the pH at adsorption capacity of the magnetic spinel nanosorbents was considered and grounded electrostatic adsorption mechanism. Keywords: adsorption, spinel, magnesium aluminate, ferrite, adsorbent, dye.

B.P. Volochanska

Methods of Heat Capacity Measurements of Crystal (Review)

SHEE " Vasyl Stefanik Precarpathian National University” 57, Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine, E-mail:bvolochanska@i.ua

The analysis of the basic methods of heat capacity measurements of solids and construction schemes of devices for implementation these techniques have been shown. The general theoretical and empirical formulas allow to quantify the magnitude of the heat capacity using these techniques. Reviewed measurement accuracy for the methods have been described and the causes of the errors of measurement have been analyzed. Keywords: heat capacity, measurement methods, crystals.

N.M. Vyhnan, Yu.B. Khalavka, P.M. Fochuk

Nonradiative Resonance Energy Transfer in Nanoscale Systems and its Practical Application

Chernivtsi National University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine

The nonradiative resonant energy transfer in systems containing quantum dots and metal nanoparticles underlies an accurate and sensitive analytical methods. Because the efficiency of energy transfer depends strongly on the distance between the donor and acceptor this phenomenon can be used of imaging or measuring distances at nanoscale. In addition, metal particles embedded between layers of semiconductor can act as a sort of "antenna" for the energy transfer of optical excitation at long distances. Such structures can be used for designing fluorescent light concentrators with a wide spectral absorption corridor. This Feature Article provides an overview of recent advances in the study of resonant energy transfer in systems with semiconductor and metal nanoparticles. Theoretical aspects of resonance energy transfer between simple donor-acceptor pair and in complex systems containing an array of acceptor particles (composite films) is described. We have also collected an examples of the application of nonradiative resonant energy transfer for analytical studies and in the design of fluorescent light concentrators

D.V. Gerasymenko, V.O. Zabludovskyi

Effect of Pulsed Current Parameters on the Structure of Amorphous Co-W Alloys and Their Thermal Stability

B. Lazaryan Dnepropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine, DVG80@mail.ru

Methods of X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis is investigated of the structure and thermal stability Co-W alloys of electrodeposition at current and pulse currents. It was found the influence of modes of a deposition and concentration in electrolyte the component, which resulting in amorphism, on amorphous state of alloys. It is shown that at increase in the maintenance of tungsten in an alloy or under more nonequilibrium conditions of electrodeposition solidification start shifting to the region of higher temperatures. Keywords: amorphous-crystalline structure, pulse electrolysis, spectral analysis, differential thermal analysis, phase.

D.М. Freik¹, І.V. Gorichok¹, O.S Krunutcky², G.D. Mateik², Ts.A. Kryskov³, S.I. Mudryy⁴

Thermoelectric Material Solid Solutions PbTe-Bi₂Te₃, PbTe-Sb₂Te₃: Technology, Properties

¹Vasyl Stefanyk Prekarpathian University, Shevchenko Str., 57, Ivano-Frankivsk, 76025, Ukraine, e-mail:freik@pu.if.ua
²Ivano-Frankivsk National Technical University of Oil and Gas, 15, Carpathian Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76001, Ukraine e-mail:oleksandr.krynytsky@gmail.com
³Kamenetz-Podolsk State University, 32300, Kamenets str. I. Ohienko, 61, e-mail: fizkaf@ua.fm
⁴Lvivskyy National University named after Ivan Franko, Lviv, Ukraine

The results of a comprehensive study of the phase composition, structure and thermoelectric properties of solid solutions PbTe-Bi2Te3, PbTe-Sb2Te3 based Lead Telluride. Established their dependence on the chemical composition and temperature for a given synthesis conditions and their alloys following annealing and preparing models and size fractions of components. The mechanisms of doping and defined physicochemical and technological conditions for the formation of material with predetermined optimal thermoelectric parameters.
Keywords: lead telluride, thermoelectricity, solid solutions, technology, defects.

S.I. Yushchuk¹, S.O. Yuryev¹, S.R. Zachek¹, V.V. Moklyak²

Diagnostics of Ferrogarnet Films Magnetization

¹National university “Lvivska politehnika, 12, Bandery St, Lviv, 79046 (032) 258-27-66, E-mail: syuryev@mail.ru
²G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, N.A.S. of Ukraine, 36 Academician Vernadsky Boulevard, UA-03680 Kyiv-142, Ukraine

The problem of measuring the static magnetic parameters of epitaxial ferrogarnet films was discussed. It is shown that the characteristics of the geometry of ferrite epitaxial structures require changes in the allocation scheme of inductive sensors and in the selective amplification path of magnetometer. The description of the structure and work principle of magnetometer with a vibrating sample. Developed systems can measure the following parameters and dependencies for ferrogarnet films: saturation magnetization Ms, coercive force Hc, hysteresis loop, temperature dependence Ms = f T) and Hc= f (T). The error of measurement shall not exceed 5%.
Keywords: garnet film, magnetization, magnetometer.

V.S. Bushkova

Determination of Complex Magnetic Permeability of Ferrite-Piezoelectric Composites

Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Shevchenko Str., 57, Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine

In this paper the (1-x) MgFe2O4 – x BaTiO3 composite systems in the form of toroid were obtained. It was presented the method of determining of complex magnetic permeability of ferrite-piezoelectric materials by the results of measuring complex impedance of inductance coil with magnetoelectric core. It was found that magnetic permeability of magnetoelectric composites in the frequency range 105 – 6•105 Hz does not depend on frequency. It was shown that with increasing concentration of ferroelectric phase in the composites magnetic permeability decreases.
Keywords: magnetoelectric composite, inductance coil, complex magnetic permeability, real resistance and reactance.

T.M. Bishchanyuk¹, І.І. Grygorchak¹, F.O. Ivashchyshyn¹, D.V. Matulka¹, S.І. Budzulyak², L.S. Yablon³

Impedance Response and Photodielectric Properties of Nanoporous Silica Matrices with Encapsulated Rhodamine-C and Rhodamine-6G

¹Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, st. S.Bandery, Lviv, 79013, Ukraine, e-mail:Ivangr@rambler.ru
²NASU V.E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, 41, pr. Nauki, Kyiv-28, 03028, Ukraine
³Stefanyk Precarpathion National University, 57, Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76000, Ukraine

The results of research of performance of porous silica matrix MCM-41 with encapsulated into its pores dye rhodamine C or rhodamine 6G were presented. The character of changes in the frequency dispersion of the impedance, loss tangent and dielectric constant of the sample at heating and lighting were established. According to the thermally stimulated depolarisation differences in the modification of the impurity spectrum caused by different types of guest content were analyzed. The conditions under which synthesized nanohybrids may be of interest as a quantum battery of electric energy were found.
Keywords: MCM-41, rhodamine C, rhodamine-6G, host-guest system, impedance, Nyquist diagrams, dielectric constant, loss tangent, thermally stimulated depolarization.

M.V. Karpets¹, O.M. Myslyvchenko², O.S. Makarenko², M.O. Krapivka¹, V.F. Gorban’¹

Microstructure and Properties of AlCrCoNiCuFe^х (х =0 – 2.0) High-Entropy Alloys

¹Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science NAS Ukraine, Krzhizhanovsky 3 Str , Kyiv-142, 03680, Ukraine
²National Technical University of Ukraine “Kiev Polytechnic Institute“, avenue Peremogu-37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine., e-mail:zvyagina-47@yandex.ru

AlCrCoNiCuFeх (x values in molar ratio, x = 0; 0,5; 1,0; 2) high-entropy alloys were prepared using a vacuum arc melting method. The effects of Fe addition on microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The alloys exhibit quite simple FCC and BCC solid solution phases. Copper tends to segregate at the interdendrite region and forms a Cu-rich FCC phase. The formation of BCC phases significantly increases the hardness level of the alloy system.
Keywords: High-entropy alloys, X-ray diffraction, Microstructure, Solid solution, Properties, Alloying elements.

A.S. Zavoyco

Sistem Criate Hight Vojltag Frequency-Impuls Electric Fields for the Obtaining Stress-Strain Surface

Chernivtsi Department of National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", Chernivtsi, Ukraine  

In this article development and criate new model phizical-technical obtaining material technological equipment the method higth-friquency plazmy plating-flame carboids and nitralloy cohesion hight-temepature metal IV - VI grope. Experimental description was lengthen for the creation technology layer surface instrumental steel in width temperature 300 – 600 K . Design technology and method experiments on equipment in term mechanical,rentgenografics and faise analisis for the adoption,recognition and resume.

V. Goleus, An. Saley

Research of Formation of Enamel Coverings on Aluminium

Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, department of ceramics and glass chemical technology, Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine, E-mail:holvik22@gmail.com

Violation of the integrity of the coating and, consequently, the appearance of various defects help to reduce the dielectric characteristics of the coatings. Establishment of intercommunication, between technological properties of enamel fusion and basic stages of forming of coverages of different chemical composition on an aluminium, will allow in good time to correct compositions with the aim of receipt of continuous glass-coverages of zero-defects with increase operating descriptions.

Y.А. Slinchenko

Modern Fiber-Optic Couplers of X-type Based on Multimode Quartz-Quartz Optical Fibers

Taras Shevchenko national university of Kyiv, faculty of radio physics, electronics and computer systems, 4G, Prospekt Hlushkov, Kyiv , Ukraine, 03022 yas@univ.kiev.ua

А technique of creation of X-types passive fiber couplers has been improved. By the technique, a number of passive fiber couplers of X-types as well as an active fiber coupler of X- type based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer using modern quartz-quartz multimode fibers has been produced. Мaximum energy redistribution in the active fiber coupler of X- type output channels was observed at the effective excitation of higher order modes.
Keywords: multimode optical fiber, passive fiber couplers, active fiber coupler, fiber couplers of X-types.

M.A. Ruvinskii

The Quantum-Mechanical Addition Rule of Probabilities without Wave Functions

Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76000, Ukraine bruvinsky@gmail.com

As shown, the addition rule of probabilities in quantum mechanics can be derived from the classical theory of probabilities, using the specifics of quantum events due to wave-particle dualism without using the concept of the wave function of microparticle.

Yo. Tsymbrykevych, N. Freik

Natural-Philosophical Interpretation Counteract Entropy in the Living World

Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76000, Ukraine

The article deals with identifying features of living life in relation to the dead and the role of entropy in self-regulation in general and human life in particular vital functions. As a universal law of physics entropy is inanimate and living world in chaos, disorder, and all life to death. But for some time and protozoa and human anti-that. Authors, continuing the theme of "Entropy and Life" clarifies the features of this counter.
Keywords: entropy, life, people, society.